What is Positive list vs. negative list?
A positive list names every substance permitted for a given use — anything not listed is prohibited by default. A negative list names substances that are prohibited or restricted — anything not listed is permitted by default. Most annex-based systems combine both: the EU's Annex II is a negative list of banned substances, while Annexes IV, V, and VI are positive lists of the only colorants, preservatives, and UV filters allowed.